'Negroes: How they have so much patience ' (caption translation). Bowser, The African Slave in Colonial Peru, 1524-1650 (Stanford University Press, 1974), passim, for the historical context of this drawing. The drawing is in Chapter 29, image 300, of the original manuscript. The title translations we use are taken from the website. The original manuscript is in the Danish Royal Library, Copenhagen and a complete digital facsimile, which includes the drawings, is available The Guaman Poma website. It included 398 full-page drawings - seven of which depict enslaved Africans. He wrote this over 1,200-page manuscript between 16. 1616), also known as Guamán Poma or Wamán Poma, was a Quechua nobleman from southern Peru known for chronicling the ill treatment of indigenous groups in the Andes after the Spanish conquest.

Poma de Ayala described in the image “the royal administrator orders an African slave to flog an Indian magistrate for collecting a tribute that falls two eggs short.” Felipe Huaman Poma de Ayala (1535–c. 'Mayors: How the Chief Magistrate Punishes You' (caption translation). The drawing is in Chapter 31, image 337, of the original manuscript.

Poma de Ayala described in the image how “the Spaniards abuse their African slaves.” Felipe Huaman Poma de Ayala (1535–c. 'How He Mistreats his Negroes' (caption translation).

1200 page manuscript